1 Texas A&M University (TAMU), Real Estate Center, Travis County, Population and Components of Change,
2 Greater Austin Chamber of Commerce (Austin Chamber), Living in Austin (1998), 12.
3 Defined as those arriving in the last three years. The Benchmark Company, Austin Newcomer Study (September 1997).
4 Capitol Market Research, Austin Apartment Survey (December 1998).
5 Austin Investors Interests, Austin MSA Real Estate Market in Review: the Yearend Report (1999), 3.
6 City of Austin, Planning, Environmental, and Conservation Services.
7 Capitol Market Research.
8 The MSA gained 29,000 jobs when the boundaries were changed in 1993. Austin Chamber.
9 Texas Workforce Commission, Austin MSA Profile.
10 Benchmark, 15.
11 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Community Planning and Development (CPD) Notice PDR-99-01 (January 27, 1999). Available from http://www.hud.gov.
12 Regional Economic Income Statistics, Average wage per job for counties and metropolitan areas, 1994-1997
13 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States (1998).
14 Center for Public Policy Priorities, Working but Poor: A study of the forgotten Texans who work hard yet remain in poverty (Austin, Texas 1999), 2-4.
15 Texas Workforce Commission, Capital Area Workforce Development Area Projections by Occupation, 1996-2006;
16 Richard R. Troxell, Wages as a Barrier to Housing, House the Homeless, Inc. (Austin, TX, March 30, 1999). Similarly, the National Low Income Housing Coalition calculated that $9.92 per hour was needed.
17 While housing stock (both single-family and multifamily) has grown at a higher rate than the overall population, this does not necessarily mean the number of units is adequate. With the influx of young professionals, the number of residentsper household may be declining, increasing the number of units needed to house the same overall population.
18 Capitol Market Research.
19 Austin Investor Interests, 3.
20Capitol Market Research.
21 Charles Heimsath, interview by Elizabeth Mueller, Margaret Shaw, and Terry Mitchell, Austin, Tx., 9 February 1999. Ninety-five percent occupancy is considered a landlord's market, 90 percent a renter's market
22 Texas A&M University, Real Estate Center.
23 HUD Press Release No. 99-16 (January 20, 1999), available from http://www.hud.gov.
24 Austin Investor Interests, 4.
25 Capitol Market Research.
26 Heimsath.
27 Austin Investor Interests.
28 See also Capitol Market Research, City of Austin: Housing Affordability Analysis. Prepared for City of Austin, (Austin, Tx.: 1995).
29 Texas A&M University, Real Estate Center.
30 Texas Low Income Housing Information Service, Rental Housing Costs in Major Texas Cities, 1996.
31 Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs 1990.
32 ADAPT of Texas, Comments on 1995 City of Austin Consolidated Plan, (1995), 9.
33 ADAPT of Texas, Written comments to City of Austin's Neighborhood Housing and Community Development Office, (March 25, 1999), n.p.
34 Austin Tenants Council, "The Face of Discrimination: Sharp Rise in Housing Discrimination Complaints based on Disability," Housing Rights Advocate (1999).
35 Austin Investor Interests and TAMU Real Estate Center. For their calculations, the Real Estate Center assumes that buyers have good credit histories and will make a 20% downpayment on a home purchase.
36 Edward G. Goetz, Shelter Burden: Local Politics and Progressive Housing Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993). Actual expenditures did not fall as dramatically as budgetary authority.
37 HUD, Opening Doors for More Americans: FY 2000 HUD Budget Summary (February 1999), 14.
38 Jeremy Mazur, Austin's Affordable Housing Crisis (unpublished manuscript), Texas Low Income Housing Information Service (Austin, Tx., 1999).
39 Ibid.
40 Housing Authority of the City of Austin.
41 Goetz.
42 Texas Association of Community Development Corporations. Texas Community Developer (1997).
43 Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs.
44 Mary E. Brooks, A Status Report on Housing Trust Funds in the United States (Frazier Park, CA: September 1997) , 12-13, 73-76.
45 HUD, CPD Notice PDR-99-01.
46 City of Austin, Neighborhood Housing and Community Development, 1995 Consolidated Plan, (Austin, Tx, 1995), 4-17.
47 HUD, FY 2000 Budget Summary, 14.
48 Community Action Network, Community Assessment Report 1998, (Austin, Tx., 1998), Figure 4.6.6.
49 Ibid.
50 Housing Authority of the City of Austin.
51 Diana McIver, interview by Elizabeth Mueller and Margaret Shaw, Austin, Texas, 5 May 1999.
52 Housing Authority of the City of Austin.
53 City of Austin, Neighborhood Housing and Community Development.
54 Katherine Stark, interview with Elizabeth Mueller, Austin, Texas, 5 May 1999.
55 Consumers Union, Southwest Regional Office and Texas Community Reinvestment Coalition, Access to the Dream: Home Mortgage Lending in Texas; Texas Community Reinvestment Coalition Lending Report #2. (Austin, TX: , February 1998).
56 Ibid, 9.
57 Ibid, 6.
58 Blake Magee, interview by Margaret Shaw, Austin, Tx., 26 May1999.
59 Harry Savio, interview by Elizabeth Mueller, Austin, Tx., 19 May 1999.
60 Paul Bury, interview by Terry Mitchell, Austin, Tx., 7 June1999.
61 City of Austin, Neighborhood Housing and Community Development.
62 Michael Oden, et.al. "Siting Issues in Affordable Housing" (unpublished report), University of Texas, School of Architecture (Austin, Tx, May 1999).
63 Innovative Housing Institute, The House Next Door,1998
64 Capital Area Planning Council, Alamo Area Council of Governments, and Greater Austin-San Antonio Corridor Council, State of the Region Report (1998) 34.
65 Jon Hockenyos, interview by Margaret Shaw, 27April 1999.
66 City of Austin, Planning, Environmental and Conservation Services.
67 HUD, The State of the Cities (1998), iii..
68 Austin Chamber.
69 HUD, A Top 10 List of Things to Know About American Cities, Cityscape, vol.3, no.3, (1998) 9.
70 Sierra Club, The Dark Side of the American Dream: Costs and Consequences of Suburban Sprawl, (1998) 3.
71 Phillip J. Longman, "Who Pays for Sprawl?" U.S. News & World Report, 27 April 1998, 22-23.
72 TAMU, Real Estate Center
73 Austin Board of Realtors. TAMU, Real Estate Center.
74 Oden.
75 Harry Savio, interview by Margaret Shaw, 4 June 1999.
76 City of Austin, Planning, Environmental and Conservation Services.
77 Capitol Market Research. Austin Apartment Survey, 1998.
78 TAMU, Real Estate Center.
79 Robert G. Paterson and Schleen Johnson, "Managing Growth Pressures in Unincorporated Texas: Problems and Options for Change," (unpublished manuscript) University of Texas at Austin, School of Architecture, (Austin, Tx: November 1998) 1-2.
80 Paterson, Part III. Ralph K.M. Haurwitz, "Reports: Ill-Regulated Suburban Growth A Threat," Austin American Statesman. 12 December 1998.
81 Paterson, Part II.
82 Sierra Club, 18.
83 TAMU, Texas Transportation Institute, "Study Shows Traffic Jams Not Just a Big City Problem," (12 November 1998)
84 TAMU, Texas Transportation Institute, "Mobility Study," (1998) 50-52
85 TAMU, Mobility Study, 80-82.
86 Ibid, 93.
87 Longman, 22-23.
88 HUD, State of the Cities, vi-viii.
89 Ibid, vii-viii.
90 Ibid, viii -ix.
91 Ibid, viii-ix.
92 Hockenyos.
93 Earl Golz, "Low Unemployment Creates Hiring Crunch" (22 January 1999) and R. Michelle Breyer, "Labor Gap Plagues Builders" (30 May 1999) Austin-American Statesman.
94 Patricia Hayes, speech for Partners for Smart Growth Conference (Austin, Texas) 17 December 1998.
95 Michael A. Stegman, "A Rich Tapestry: States and Localities Take the Lead in Affordable Housing," (unpublished manuscript), Center for Community Capitalism, University of North Carolina, (Chapel Hill, 1999), VIII-4.
96 Central Texas Homeward Bound, Homeownership Center.
97 Richard H. Halpin, interview by Margaret Shaw, Austin, Tx., 2 June 1999.
98 Karen Free, "Where has the Affordable Housing Gone?" Habitat World, June/July 1999, 3.
99 Available from http://www.federalreserve.gov/DCCA/CRA.
100 Stegman,V-7.
101 Ibid, I-14.
102 Ibid, I-23.
103 Ibid, I-28.
104 Ibid, I-37.
105 Ibid, V-5.
106 Diana McIver, interview by Margaret Shaw, 5 May 1999.
107 Ibid, V-20.
108 Ibid, V-15.
109 Ibid, VI-21.
110 Ibid, I-29.
111 Ibid, I-31.
112 Mary E. Brooks, interview by Margaret Shaw, 21 April 1998.
113 Brooks, A Status Report on Housing Trust Funds in the United States, 89.
114 Stegman, VIII-3.
115 Ibid, VIII-8-9.
116 HUD, FY 1998 Budget Summary, 14.
117 San Antonio Housing Trust Foundation, Inc.
118 Ibid, IV-7.
119 "Silicon Valley Trust Addresses Housing Crunch," Austin American Statesman, 30 December1998.
120 Stegman, I-14.
121 Ibid, VIII-1.
122 Ibid, I-38.
